Why Storm Predict?

Scientific transparency, validated methods, continuous improvement.

Proprietary Algorithms

Storm Predict computes its own meteorological indices from raw data.
90%+ validation vs AROME on 540 tested data points.

🌡️ Instability Indices

CAPE / MUCAPE / SBCAPE / MLCAPE

Convective Available Potential Energy — Measures the potential energy available to lift an air parcel. All variants computed using NWS/ECMWF formulations.

Thresholds: 1000 J/kg = strong storms | 2500 J/kg = violent storms

LI / MULI (Lifted Index)

Lifted Index — Galway (1956) — Temperature difference between a lifted parcel and the environment at 500 hPa.

LI < -6 = severe instability | LI > 0 = stable atmosphere

CIN (Convective Inhibition)

Convective Inhibition — Energy needed to "break the cap" and trigger convection. Computed as surface → LFC integral.

ThetaE at 850 hPa

Equivalent Potential Temperature — Critical for elevated storms. Identifies thermal convergence zones and moisture flux.

🌀 Wind Shear and Rotation

Wind Shear 0-1km / 0-3km / 0-6km

Storm structuring — Vector wind difference between levels. Essential for identifying supercells and tornadoes.

>20 m/s = supercell-favourable environment

Helicity 0-1km / 1-3km

Rotation and tornado potential — Measures horizontal vorticity in low levels. Critical for tornado prediction.

>150 m²/s² = significant tornado risk

SRH (Storm Relative Helicity)

Storm-relative rotation — Projected onto Bunkers storm motion vector. Better discriminates environments truly favourable for mesocyclones.

Effective Shear Layer

Relevant shear zone — Thompson et al. (2007) method. Calculates shear only in the layer where CAPE is actually present.

⚡ Composite Indices

SCP (Supercell Composite Parameter)

Supercell risk — Combines CAPE, effective shear and helicity. Used operationally by the NWS.

SCP > 5 = highly favourable supercell environment

STP (Significant Tornado Parameter)

Strong tornado risk — Integrates instability, shear, helicity and cloud base height.

STP > 1 = significant EF2+ tornado risk

EHI (Energy Helicity Index)

Combined energy/rotation — Product of CAPE × helicity. Identifies zones where both energy AND rotation are present simultaneously.

BRN (Bulk Richardson Number)

Convection mode — Energy/shear ratio. Discriminates between isolated cells, multicells and squall lines.

📏 Atmospheric Levels

LCL (Lifting Condensation Level)

Cloud base — Altitude where condensation begins. Determines storm base height and tornado potential.

LFC (Level of Free Convection)

Free convection onset — Altitude where a parcel becomes warmer than the environment and rises spontaneously.

EL (Equilibrium Level)

Theoretical storm top — Altitude where the parcel temperature equals the environment again. Determines maximum vertical development height.

CIN (Convective Inhibition)

Atmospheric cap — Energy required to reach the LFC. Strong CIN can delay initiation → explosive storms afterwards.

🎯 Forcing and Triggers

Wind Convergence

Trigger zones — Identification of convergence lines where air masses meet and rise.

Tropopause Anomaly

Upper-level forcing — Stratospheric air intrusions destabilising the troposphere.

Absolute Vorticity

Divergence/convergence zones — Upper-level rotational structures promoting lift.

Jet Stream Configuration

Right entrance / Left exit — Upper-level divergence zones in the jet stream favouring storm development.

Moisture Flux

Available fuel — Quantification of moisture transport and identification of moisture-loaded flows (warm conveyor belt).

Outflow Boundaries

Cold pool interactions — Identification of zones where cold pools collide or interact with the inflow, potential triggers for new cells.

💎 Diamond Trajectory Engine

Bunkers Method (2000)

Supercell trajectories — Global reference for supercell motion prediction. Deviation calculated relative to mean wind via hodograph analysis.

DBSCAN Clustering

Automatic storm detection — Density-based spatial clustering of lightning data. Parameterised for European conditions.

Monte Carlo (Alternative Trajectories)

Probabilistic simulations — Meteorological parameter variation within realistic ranges to generate alternative scenarios and uncertainty cones.

Orographic Corrections

Venturi effect and channelling — Valley acceleration, terrain blocking, seeder-feeder. SRTM 30m topographic base.

Storm Type Classification

Motion adaptation — Isolated cells, multicells (retrograde propagation), supercells (right-mover deviation), squall lines (ensemble motion).

Reference Scientific Studies

Our algorithms and forecasts are built on the latest peer-reviewed scientific research

European Supercell Thunderstorms in a Warmer Climate

Feldmann et al. (2025) • Science Advances

+50% more supercells on the northern slopes of the Alps by 2050 under 3°C warming. The study underlines the urgent need for European countries to prepare with advanced predictive tools.

Read the full study

Frequency of Severe Thunderstorms Across Europe Expected to Increase

Rädler et al. (2019) • npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Significant increase in the frequency of severe weather events across Europe by the end of the century. Convective instability will rise due to increased near-surface moisture.

Read the full study

Multidecadal Trends of Lightning and Large Hail Over Europe

Battaglioli et al. (2023) • Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

Analysis of lightning and large hail trends across Europe from 1950 to 2021. Confirms the increase in extreme phenomena and validates high-resolution predictive approaches like AROME.

Read the full study

Economic Losses from Weather- and Climate-related Extremes in Europe

European Environment Agency (2023) • EEA Report

€55 billion in insured losses in Europe in 2023. The EEA stresses that advanced early warning systems are an economic necessity, not a luxury.

Read the full report

Predicting Supercell Motion Using a New Hodograph Technique

Bunkers et al. (2000) • Weather and Forecasting

Global reference for supercell trajectory calculation. Used operationally by the NWS, NOAA, and Météo-France. The foundation of Storm Predict's Diamond Trajectory Engine.

Read the full study

All these studies are peer-reviewed and published in leading scientific journals. Storm Predict relies on research validated by the international scientific community.

Our Commitment

Storm Predict is committed to full transparency about its methods, results, and limitations. Meteorology remains complex — perfection does not exist. We tell you this clearly.

Our algorithms improve continuously with every storm tracked. Future AI will learn from millions of real data points collected 24/7.